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To allow users to contribute to a SharePoint site, list, or library anonymously, you can configure the site to allow anonymous access. Anonymous access allows users to browse sites, respond to surveys, or even contribute to a list without authenticating. However, anonymous users cannot add files to libraries.
To enable anonymous access in Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services, you must first ensure that Internet Information Services (IIS) is configured to allow anonymous access. After you configure IIS, you can enable anonymous access on the Site Administration pages for the Web site, or from the Change Permissions page for a list or library. To change anonymous access settings in IIS, you must be logged on as a member of the local administrators group on the server. To change anonymous access settings in Windows SharePoint Services, you must be a member of the Administrator site group, or a site group with the Manage Site Groups right.
Anonymous access relies on the anonymous user account on the Web server. Internet Information Services (IIS) creates and maintains this account, not Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services. By default in IIS the anonymous user account is IUSR_ComputerName. When you enable anonymous access in Windows SharePoint Services, you are in effect granting that account access to the SharePoint site.
Warning To create a more secure site, list, or library, do not enable anonymous access. Enabling anonymous access allows users to contribute to lists, discussions, and surveys; possibly using up server disk space and other resources. Further, it allows anonymous users to discover site information, including user e-mail addresses and any content posted to lists, and libraries, and discussions.